Learning to avoid threats often occurs by observing others. Most previous research on observational fear learning (OFL) in humans has used pre-recorded standardized video of an actor and thus lacked ecological validity. Here, we aimed to enhance ecologic
(for example, it is more convenient to serve yourself without browsing first, sit closer, or use a fork), but others might involve observations that seem to reoccur with no understandable explanation at the time. Our view is to include this item because it may be that with enough data, a...
Restricting learning to the consequences of one’s own actions may, in many cases, be insufficient and even maladaptive. Consequently, many species, including humans, often learn from others by means of observation15,16. Observing actions and outcomes of others can be incorporated into one’s own...
The identification of such patterns may be further aided by machine learning algorithms and could outperform individual biomarkers [9, 44]. Future studies will have to determine whether the proteins differentially expressed between survivors and non-survivors on day 3 can act as individual biomarkers ...
Answer to: Token economies are used as a means of [{Blank}]. a. observational learning b. classical conditioning c. operant conditioning d. latent...
Physiotherapy is still not as yet recognised by the Chinese Government as a profession. Current rehabilitation services in China are led by physicians in rehabilitation medicine assisted by rehabilitation therapists. Rehabilitation therapists can be trained through a 4-year bachelor program or a 3-year...
Statistically significant rearing in rats appears to covary with drugs of abuse that modulate learning and memory in humans. The characteristics of a “rearing” may also vary following dose administration (Day 1 FOB) or as residual rebound phenomena when plasma test article concentrations are at ...
A regression model will be used to adjust for systematic differences between intervention and control arms that have not been accounted for by randomisation. If appropriate, multiple imputation will be used to correct for bias that may result from data that is missing at random, e.g. EQ-5D-...
Wildfires are becoming more frequent and destructive in a changing climate. Fine particulate matter, PM2.5, in wildfire smoke adversely impacts human health. Recent toxicological studies suggest that wildfire particulate matter may be more toxic than equ
The finding of altered GABAbR function one day after OF indicates long-term changes in either the receptor or its downstream targets. The possible mechanisms may involve NMDA receptor, which often participates in long-lasting plastic changes and has been shown to control trafficking and surface ...