The engine thermal boundary conditions were adjusted to mimic idle operations during a cold federal test procedure (cFTP) cycle. The intake manifold and the engine coolant were kept at room temperature. The best control on oil gallery temperature in the experiments was ~50 ◦C. The detailed ...
This boost in efficiency is due to the pressure gain obtained through the detonation process, which leads to a more efficient thermal cycle. A rotating detonation combustor is characterized by an annular channel where combustible mixture is injected and ignited by a self-sustained spinning detonation...
Adding hydrogen to some extent improves the engine efficiency, lowers combustion duration, and brings the engine cycle closer to the ideal Otto cycle and reduces CO and UHC emissions, but it can only increase engine operating range by as much as 4.2% at low load, increases NO emission, and ...