A recent derivation of an explicit elementary expression for the mean number 〈N〉 of photons emitted per revolution in synchrotron radiation allows a systematic high-energy analysis leading to the result approx.= 5 πα/(3(1-β~2)~(1/2) + a_0α + πα(1-β~2)~(1/2)/10 3~(...
MANDEL - 《Concepts of Quantum Optics》 被引量: 1341发表: 1983年 Sub-Poissonian photon statistics in resonance fluorescence. Expressions are derived for the probability p(n) that n photons are emitted in a given time in the steady state by a two-level atom, when it is placed in a... ...
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Standard Deviation of the Relative Frequency* Empty CellProbability of 0.50Probability of 0.25 or 0.75Probability of 0.10 or 0.90 n = 10 0.16 0.14 0.09 25 0.10 0.09 0.06 50 0.07 0.06 0.04 100 0.05 0.04 0.03 1,000 0.02 0.01 0.01 * These have been calculated using the formula for the ...
The final state is a product state because, without loss of generality, photons that have not yet been emitted can be described by qubits prepared in the computational basis state \(\left|0\right\rangle \). Photon emission is then modeled as a two-qubit photon-emitter gate that brings the...
All detectors are reducible to component particles that interact with signal particles, such as photons, that are emitted from another particle being measured at a distance. For example, a camera takes a photo of a tree by receiving rays of photons that trace to the camera lens. The ...
Therefore, if one nat of information is lost during a computation, the amount of entropy generated is at least kBln2, and therefore the energy emitted in the environment is E≥ kBTln2. Landauer’s principle has been accepted as a physical law, but it has also been challenged by ...
icallyeliminatesbothbiasandautocorrelationwhilereachingefficiencyofalmost0.5 bitsperrandomevent.Aprototypehasbeenbuiltandstatisticallytested. PACSnumbers:05.40.-a,02.50.Ng,03.67.Dd Introduction Truerandomnumbers,ormorepreciselynondetermin- isticrandomnumbergenerators,seemtobeofanever ...
VINČA Institute of Nuclear SciencesNuclear Technology and Radiation ProtectionMarkovi}, S., Ljubenov, V., Simovi}, R., A Semiempirical Formula for the Angular Differential Number Albedo of Low-Energy Photons, Nuclear Technology & Radiation Protection, 20 (2005), 2, pp. 28-34...
This formula is a natural generalization of the diffraction scattering amplitude formula in the resonant Kapitsa-Dirac effect in the Raman-Nath approximation. The applicability of derived formula assumes more than n1,2 ≈ 20 photons in each of the counterpropagating beams....