Russia is in the late stages of a multi-decade long modernization program to replace all of its Soviet-era nuclear-capable systems with newer versions. In this issue of the Nuclear Notebook, we estimate that Russia now possesses approximately 4,380 nuclear warheads for its strategic and non-...
In this issue of the Nuclear Notebook, we estimate that the United States maintains a stockpile of approximately 3,700 warheads—an unchanged estimate from the previous year. Of these, only about 1,770 warheads are deployed, while approximately 1,930 are held in reserve. Additionally, ...
The Nuclear Notebook column has been published in the Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists since 1987. This issue's column examines Russia's nuclear arsenal, which includes a stockpile of nerarly 4,500 warheads. Of these, some 1,600 strategic warheads are deployed on ballistic missiles and at ...
"U.S. Nuclear Forces, 2002," NRDC Nuclear Notebook, Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, May/June 2002. "India's Nuclear Forces, 2002," NRDC Nuclear Notebook, Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, March/April 2002. "Pakistan's Nuclear Forces, 2001," NRDC Nuclear Notebook, Bulletin of the At...
Reporter's Notebook: Tariffs echo COVID Rising import costs are squeezing small businesses. Many say it feels just like the early days of the COVID-19 pandemic. "CBS Evening News" co-anchor John Dickerson explains. 8H ago 02:02
How Ukraine keeps nuke plants running with Russia "weaponizing" energy Ukraine relied for decades on Russia to fuel its vital nuclear power plants, but now there's fear Moscow could use the facilities as a weapon of war. Sep 21, 2023 ...
Nov 29: ITAR-TASS, "Russia troops make combat training launch of Topol ballistic missile." National Security Archive, "The Nixon Administration, the SIOP, and the Search for Limited Nuclear Options, 1969-1974," Nov 23: William Burr, National Security Archive Electronic Briefing Book No. 173, ...
Russia is committed to destroying most of its nuclear arsenals.(俄国承诺销毁其大部分核武器。) They were exposed to radioactive fallout during nuclear weapons tests.(他们在核武器试验过程中暴露于放射性核辐射。) The threat of nuclear war has diminished.(核战的威胁变小了。) The threat of nuc...
Atomic Stations and Artificial Environments – Art and Science in Soviet Russia in the 1960s This is a draft of an essay which appears a shorter version in a book accompanying “L’Âge atomique” exhibition curated … More Cold War, Communism, history, Nuclear War, nuclear-weapons Manhattan...
“All those conversations were quite professional. He would take a pencil and notebook to write down my answers,” Chang said. “He kept saying that they will try their best to keep me and my family safe.” TheChernobyl disasterin 1986, a catastrophic nuclear accident in Ukraine that ...