Although transport is the primary function of the NPC, recent research has revealed that the NPC plays an important part in cellular functions taking place on either side of the nuclear envelope. The nuclear basket is a distinct structure extending from the NPC into the nucleus. It is thought ...
The envelope is an anchorage structure for the nuclear architecture. A number of proteins are associated with the NE. They can be categorized into three groups according to their position in the NE (Fig.1). The first group is the trans-nuclear membrane proteins in the nuclear pore complex (...
and this organization is fundamental to efficient operation of nuclear function. We must also remember that receptors on the nuclear envelope make contact with the cellular cytoskeleton, the nuclear lamina, and likely the nuclear matrix. Thus, cellular organization extends inside important cellular organe...
Nuclear pores, complex protein structures that span the double membrane of the nuclear envelope, serve as selective channels for the movement of macromolecules in and out of the nucleus. Proteins that function inside the nucleoplasm must travel from the cytoplasm, where they are synthesized, to the...
localized (Fig.2a, b), which may be an important advantage for the translocation of TCA cycle enzymes. Meanwhile, the nuclear envelope is also rapidly reconstructed in stem cells as the fast division, which may also be helpful for the translocation of both TCA cycle enzymes and metabolites....
This NLS-dependent protein recognition, a process necessary for cargo proteins to pass the nuclear envelope through the nuclear pore complex, is facilitated by members of the importin superfamily. Here, we summarized the types of NLS, focused on the recently reported related proteins containing ...
exhibit high morphological and functional plasticity, adjusting shape to function. Macromolecules ranging from 1 to >100 kDa travel through the central channel into (and out of) the . have additional pathways for communication between and . NE can turn from a simple sieve that separates two ...
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Based on the information in the preceding section, a “back of the envelope” estimate can be made for many of the major variables in a magnetic fusion power plant. Assume that the plasma shape is a torus with the following performance requirements: (1) total fusion power of 2000 MW, (2...
In contrast, the T-DNA nuclear import is a simple and well-defined experimental system to study protein-mediated transport of DNA molecules across the nuclear envelope. The success of many proposed gene therapy techniques will likely rely on the ability to import exogenous DNA into the nucleus ...