Peace Fellow for the Nuclear Information Project at the Federation of American Scientists, for her invaluable assistance with background research, analysis, and generation of graphics for this publication. Disclosure statement No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s). Funding ...
The Air Force Weapons Laboratory 1-kiloton, free-air nuclear blast standard in a sea level atmosphere is used as the reference burst. Correction factors for a nonhomogeneous atmosphere, blast efficiency, and ground reflection are provided. The 1-kiloton reference burst is described in the form ...
l-Mt Air Burst on Detroit For comparison, the same l-Mt nuclear weapon was assumed to have been air burst at an altitude of 6,000 feet [1.8 km] over the same interstate intersection as used in the preceding ground burst discussion. This altitude will max- imize the size of the 30-...
they may still have to deal with the resultant fires created by the thermal pulse and from any blast damage. Another thing to keep in mind here, too, is the example above of a 500 KT bomb was an air burst. If it was a ground burst there would be far fewer ever directly in line-...
Considering the magnitude of the explosion, the consequences were limited, if by luck rather than judgment. There was a great deal of damage on site, much short-term disruption offsite, and some limited contamination of groundwater. Things could have been very much worse. ...
nuclear power plants has also been found in groundwater11. Summary A recent report from the German Federal Ministry of Environment (2009) doubts the resurgence of nuclear power plants12. Germany has shut down the remaining seven nuclear power plants for a complete and thorough inspection and ...
The masclet is a powerful sound firecracker that can be burst both at ground level and at low altitude 1.5–2.0 m). When it burns, a loud intensity detonation, light effects and abundant smoke generation are produced depending on its composition. During mascletàs, hundreds of firework shells ...
byradioactive decay, and there are no operations that involve flammable or toxic materials. The emphasis is to maintain the integrity of confinement barriers around the radioactive materials over extended periods of time. A major goal is to prevent the contamination ofgroundwateror surfacewater ...
27 The New York Times reporter Hanson Baldwin explained that even thermonuclear bombs might be tactical, writing, “some in the Air Force believe hydrogen bombs will have major tactical application [sic], or usefulness to the ground battlefield.”28 The writer and war correspondent Chester Wilmot...
“resealed,” plug length=9.5mm). Gas peaks frequency increases in the course of the experiment, ultimately ending in the continuous passage of helium and argon (at 12,000s). The relatively higher Ar-concentration is caused by Ar-background concentrations (detection at the outflow side at ...