This will provide an open idea where sender and receiver can share any key for any number of times for encrypting data confidentially that also helpful in overcoming problem of brute force attack.Keywords: Public key cryptography, Secret-key cryptography, NP problems, brute force attack, Symmetric key, Plain textYashasvini Sharma
1971年一个周二的下午，在美国俄亥俄州谢克海茨市的斯托弗萨默塞特酒店，史蒂芬·库克（Stephen Cook）在ACM计算理论专题研讨会上向与会者展示了他的论文，他证明了布尔表达式可满足性问题（Boolean Satisfiability Problem）是NP完备的，并且证明了重言式问题（Tautology）是NP困难（NP-hard）的[10]。这些定理也表明，重...
1971年一个周二的下午,在美国俄亥俄州谢克海茨市的斯托弗萨默塞特酒店,史蒂芬·库克(Stephen Cook)在ACM计算理论专题研讨会上向与会者展示了他的论文,他证明了布尔表达式可满足性问题(Boolean Satisfiability Problem)是NP完备的,并且证明了重言式问题(Tautology)是NP困难(NP-hard)的[10]。这些定理也表明,重言式问题是...
1971年一个周二的下午,在美国俄亥俄州谢克海茨市的斯托弗萨默塞特酒店,史蒂芬·库克(Stephen Cook)在ACM计算理论专题研讨会上向与会者展示了他的论文,他证明了布尔表达式可满足性问题(Boolean Satisfiability Problem)是NP完备的,并且证明了重言式问题(Tautology)是NP困难(NP-hard)的[10]。这些定理也表明,重言式问题是...
上文的分团问题(Clique problem)便是一个NP问题。而P则表示我们可以高效地找到解的问题。对于分团问题,我们不知道它是否在P问题这个集合中。或许会令你惊讶的是,分团问题有一个被称为NP完备(NP-complete)的性质——即当且仅当P=NP时,我们才可以高效地解决分团问题。许多其他问题也有这一性质,比如三着色问题(...
上文的分团问题(Clique problem)便是一个NP问题。而P则表示我们可以高效地找到解的问题。对于分团问题,我们不知道它是否在P问题这个集合中。或许会令你惊讶的是,分团问题有一个被称为NP完备(NP-complete)的性质——即当且仅当P=NP时,我们才可以高效地解决分团问题。许多其他问题也有这一性质,比如三着色问题(...
Informally, all problems in the class NP-complete have the property that, if one can be solved by an algorithm of polynomial complexity, then all of them can. If an NP-hard problem can be solved by an algorithm of polynomial complexity, then all NP-complete problems can be so solved. ...
Now, in theoretical computer science, the classification and complexity of common problem definitions have two major sets; which is “Polynomial” time and which “Non-deterministic Polynomial” time. There are also and sets, which we use to express more sophisticated problems. In the case of rat...
such as cryptography and optimization, the P vs. NP problem has remained an elusive challenge for over fifty years (Fortnow, 2022). The inherent complexity and prerequisite for expert-level knowledge make it a good arena for investigating the potential of using LLMs to discover novel science. ...
Footnote 7 In particular, constructing a computational secret-sharing scheme for the Hamiltonian access structure assuming one-way functions will resolve a major open problem in cryptography and prove that Minicrypt[Math Processing Error]=Cryptomania, to use Impagliazzo’s terminology [21]....