A mass caving of material will happen if the piping hole is large enough and the weight of the material above the hole is too much to support. This will hasten the breaching process and will cause a significant increase in the outflow via the breach. The hydraulics of the flow also ...
Flood risk assessment is a vital tool for the predictive planning of adaptation measures based on risk analysis. This article has concluded that the villages located in the lower part of the Khazir River basin are vulnerable to the negative effects of the floods, which have led to the deterior...