Long non-codingRNA(lncRNA) are RNA transcripts over 200 nucleotides in length that do not encode proteins. This is a broad definition, encompassing around 270 000 unique RNA in humans, although only several thousand have so far been functionally annotated (Ma et al., 2019). Due to the lack...
With the majority of individuals being diagnosed by experts, this is a highly confident definition to take forward into the genetic study. Nonetheless, it is possible that during the diagnostic process, initial codings may later be replaced with a different diagnosis after further testing such that...
We next performed paired analyses by classifying SCNAs overlapping significant loci from the unpaired analysis into three categories relative to their matched primary tumour: primary favoured, metastasis favoured or maintained (that is, found both in the primary tumour and its paired metastasis). We ...
The widespread applications of high-throughput sequencing technology have produced a large number of publicly available gene expression datasets. However, due to the gene expression datasets have the characteristics of small sample size, high dimensional
Fraction of functional sequence in the human genome remains a key unresolved question in Biology and the subject of vigorous debate. While a plethora of studies have connected a significant fraction of human DNA to various biochemical processes, the classical definition of function requires evidence of...
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), a human gamma-herpesvirus, was the first virus linked causally with a human tumor, following its identification in 1964 by Epstein, Barr, and Achong in a common childhood cancer in equatorial Africa named after Burkitt (Burkitt’s lymphoma, or BL), who first descri...
This unique feature is particularly interesting in the context of gene expression microarrays, where overlapping metagenes could identify genes that belong to multiple pathways or processes [4, 9]. Formal definition In this section we provide a mathematical formulation of the general NMF approach. ...
The network model was constructed in a modular fashion using a "building block" framework in which the responses to several key types of stressors were modeled (see Figure 1). These building blocks contain overlapping nodes that, when joined, create an extensive network model of the pathways ...
Each alignment output for a given category (Table 1) was sorted in Excel by genome coordinates to identify any overlapping information, i.e., the same insertion ascertained from multiple genome sets. These were eliminated to obtain a dataset of only unique candidate insertions for each category ...
Patients treated with Durvalumab showed a higher survival rate, when they had augmented expression level of lncRNA RP11-291B-21.2, thus suggesting that RP11-291B-21.2 can be used as a potential biomarker of PD-1/PD-L1 blockage [138]. 5. Cancer Stem Cells, lncRNAs and Tumor Immune ...