Practical implications - The software and algorithms discussed in the paper can be used to visualize and mine microarray data. Originality/value - The paper contributes to the discussion on the data visualizatio
CPI Price, nominal in China was reported at 134 in 2025, according to the World Bank collection of development indicators, compiled from officially recognized sources. China - CPI Price, nominal - actual values, historical data, forecasts and projections were sourced from the World Bank on April...
Iran Nominal GDP reached 429.4 USD bn in Mar 2022, compared with 429.4 USD bn in the previous quarter. Nominal GDP in Iran is updated quarterly, available from Jun 1988 to Mar 2022, with an average number of 90.0 USD bn. The data reached an all-time high of 429.4 USD bn in Mar ...
Chile Nominal GDP reached 69.1 USD bn in Sep 2022, compared with 77.4 USD bn in the previous quarter. See the table below for more data.Last Previous Min Max Unit Frequency Range 69,075.0 Sep 2022 77,436.9 Jun 2022 7,707.2 Mar 1990 81,313.9 Dec 2021 USD mn quarterly Mar 1990 - ...
Feature selection is a crucial concept in machine learning, and it plays an essential role in many areas including pattern recognition, data mining and representation learning, etc. A large number of methods for solving feature selection tasks are proposed for numerical data, for instance, linear ...
Clustering is a data-mining technique which groups the data objects into different groups in such a way that intra-group similarity between objects is maximised and inter-group similarity is minimised. In the context of data streams, the clustering problem can be formulated as per the two differe...
Concept lattice theory, which is one of the key mathematical models of granular computing, is capable of successfully dealing with uncertain information in nominal data. It has been applied to machine learning tasks such as data reduction, classification, and association rule mining. For the problem...
Book 2015, Doing Bayesian Data Analysis (Second Edition)John K. Kruschke Chapter Data and Numbers 2.3 Scales Used with Variables There are four scales used with variables: nominal, ordinal, interval, and ratio. The scales are defined in terms of the information conveyed by the numeric values as...
variouskindsoftechnologiesintheareaofdatamining,clu- steringhasreceivedconsiderableattention. Differentfromtheclassificationtechnique,clusteringisan un-supervisedlearningmethodinthepurposeofdiscovering theunderlyingpatternsandstructuresofagivendataset.To- day,therearemanykindsofclusteringalgorithmsandthereare ...
So, what do speakers produce in a specific situation? Corpus data are assumed to reflect the reality of adults' speech with a high degree of likelihood (e.g., Roland et al. 2007); below, we review the main findings from corpus studies examining the structures in (3) and (4). In ...