real.money.实际收入=\frac{nominal.money.名义收入}{price价格(即通胀)} 4.名义货币需求&实际货币需求 名义货币需求:是指社会各经济部门所持有的货币单位的数量,如 1万美元, 5万元人民币, 8000英镑等。通常以 M 表示。 实际货币需求:指名义货币数量在扣除了通货膨胀因素之后的实际货币购买力,,它等于名义货币需...
" Nominal and real disturbances and money demand in the Chinese hyperinflation ," FRB Atlanta Working Paper No. 2002-4, Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta. Ellis W. Tallman & De-Piao Tang & Ping Wang, 2003. " Nominal and Real Disturbances and Money Demand in Chinese Hyperinflation ," ...
Nominal and real values also apply to: Interest Interest can be the cost of the money you borrow from a bank and the yield of your savings deposit or investments. If you invest in a fund, the agreed rate of return is your investment's nominal rate of interest. Its real rate of interes...
nominal (dollar) terms 名义（美元）价 Versus Real Dollars (Also Known as Current Dollars Versus Constant Dollars)Anything measured in dollars can be looked at in two ways. Nominal dollars (also referred to as current dollars) represents the actual amount of money spent or earned over...
Real GNP, therefore, can help adjust for inflation and rising costs while still providing an accurate measure of the total economic output. Real GNP can be used for measuring economic output in terms of goods and services, while nominal GNP can be used to measure output in terms of money ...
We present a dynamic stochastic general equilibrium (DSGE) New Keynesian model with indivisible labor and a dual labor market: a Walrasian one where wages are fully flexible and a unionized one characterized by real wage rigidity. We show that the negative effect of a productivity shock on inflat...
Learn about gross domestic product (GDP). Understand the meaning of nominal gross domestic and real gross domestic product in economics, and the difference between nominal and real GDP. Learn how to calculate real GDP from nominal GDP. Updated: 11/21/2023 ...
It’s feasible for real interest rates to be in negative territory if the inflation rate exceeds the nominal rate of an investment. For example, a bond with a 3% nominal rate will have a real interest rate of -1%, if the inflation rate is 4%. A comparison of real and nominal intere...
While some of the main differences between nominal and real interest rates are highlighted above, there are some other considerations that we've noted about each below. Cost of Money vs. Purchasing Power One of the key distinctions between nominal and real interest rates is how much you pay t...