The Diagnostic Classification DSM-IV-TR manual, published by the American Psychiatric Association, as well as WHO's ICD-10, includes nicotine addiction among the Substance-Related Disorders. Nicotine addiction is a complex behavioural phenomenon comprising effects on ...
The reports of US Surgeon General on smoking are considered the authoritative statement on the scientific state of the art in this field. The previous report on nicotine addiction published in 1988 is one of the most cited references in scientific articl
The reports of US Surgeon General on smoking are considered the authoritative statement on the scientific state of the art in this field. The previous report on nicotine addiction published in 1988 is one of the most cited references in scientific articl
This addiction is referred to as tobacco dependence in the International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision (ICD-10), or tobacco use disorder in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition [2]. Besides nicotine, other components found in cigarettes, such as ...
Drug Addiction's Common ThreadNow ponder this. What would happen if, by chance, an external chemical existed that once introduced into the bloodstream was small enough to pass through the blood/brain barrier (a protective filter), and once inside the brain was somehow able to stimulate or ...
Development of a screening questionnaire for tobacco/nicotine dependence according to ICD-10, DSM-III-R, and DSM-IV. A 10-item questionnaire (the Tobacco Dependence Screener; TDS) for screening of tobacco/nicotine dependence according to ICD-10, DSM-III-R, and DSM-IV was ... N Kawakami,N...
DSM-IV, unlike ICD-10, provides criteria for diagnosing nicotine withdrawal as a separate nicotine-related disorder. Nicotine withdrawal, as a diagnostic criterion of nicotine dependence, is considered to be manifested either by: (1) the experience of the withdrawal syndrome described below; or (2...
Addiction; nicotine; reinforcement; reward ABSTRACT This paper addresses the problem of assessing nicotine dependence. The main objective is to develop theory-led suggestions for measures that will be relevant in the early phases of tobacco use, as well as in established smokers. Theoretical models ...
ICD-9/ICD-10 or DSM-III or DSM-IV criteria. The criteria establishing cigarette smoking must have been clearly documented, either as dichotomous (yes/no) or through frequency of cigarette consumption. ND must have been diagnosed through a recognized diagnostic tool linked to ICD or DSM criteria...
as one mechanism of creating a drug–reward association that leads to addiction. CYP2B is expressed in multiple brain regions (Miksys et al, 2003) including the nucleus accum- bens, and also in other regions associated with nicotine addiction, such as the frontal cortex (Markou, 2008) and ...