N and M represent the number of the measured Ψ–Δ pairs and the fitting parameters, respectively and σΨexp and σ△exp represent the standard deviations of Ψ and Δ experimental data points, respectively. In the equation, the prefactor comprises 2N due to the inclusion of the two ...
Every covalent molecule has some distribution of valence electrons involving the participating atoms. A certain number of valence electrons are shared in the form of covalent bonds, while any electrons remaining are localized on certain atoms as non-bonding (lone) pairs. The Lewis structure describes...
The horizontal grey solid lines show J1.7 upper limits for ion-induced nucleation resulting from the GCR ionization rate of around 2 ion pairs cm−3 s−1 at ground level and 35 ion pairs cm−3 s−1 in the upper troposphere. Among the three nucleation mechanisms, H2SO4–NH3 ...
Understanding the bonding in complexes X:BH3nFn and X:BH3nCln, for X=N2, HCN, LiCN, H2CNH, NF3, NH3 with n=03, is a challenging task. The trends in calculated binding energies cannot be explained in terms of any of the usual indexes, including donation from the halogen lone pairs ...
ideal for photovoltaic conversion. Moreover, the organic cations as well as the hydrogen bonding may lead to spontaneous polarization and ferroelectricity11, which promotes the separation of photoexcited electron-hole pairs, and thus reduces the recombination and improves the carrier lifetime12. These ...
The QTAIM study has revealed in 2 a number of p center dot center dot center dot pi interactions between lone pairs of chlorine atoms and delocalized electron density of phenyl rings or C=N groups of acetonitrile molecules, and the strongest of them (0.9 kcal/mol) has been reflected in ...
Cl and C–H…Cl bonding as strong as 2.5 and 2.1kcal/mol, respectively. The QTAIM study has revealed in2a number of p…π interactions between lone pairs of chlorine atoms and delocalized electron density of phenyl rings or CN groups of acetonitrile molecules, and the strongest of them (...
Fig. 1: Example experiment showing nitric acid enhancement of H2SO4–NH3particle formation. a, Particle number concentrations versus time at mobility diameters >1.7 nm (magenta) and >2.5 nm (green). The solid magenta trace is measured by a PSM1.7and the solid green trace is measured ...
Fig. 1: Example experiment showing nitric acid enhancement of H2SO4–NH3particle formation. a, Particle number concentrations versus time at mobility diameters >1.7 nm (magenta) and >2.5 nm (green). The solid magenta trace is measured by a PSM1.7and the solid green trace is measured ...
The main advantages are their flexibility to change their electronic properties, in particular, the high electron mobility at room temperature for graphene, which allows the creation of p–n junctions, as well as the dependence of the band gap in such materials on the number of layers, which ...