platinum electrode fouling resistance is good, plus the electrode thin, the insulator skirt end tapering, enlarges the heat chamber volume, which also makes the air inlet when fresh mixture into the machine cooling greatly improves the heat of. So platinum spark plugs have a wide range of heat...
a metamaterial structure layer provided on a front-surface side of the heat source, and a back metal layer provided on a back-surface side of the heat source. The metamaterial structure layer emits thermal energy input from the heat source as radiation energy having a specific wavelength range....
range may preferably be 0 to 100 micrometer. In a preferred embodiment, the dimension of the space is 0 to 100 micrometer and shrink range is 0 to 50 micrometer. When the space is provided, the ceramic substrate may be decentered. A notch or straight is provided on the side face of ...
Next, its function and effect will be explained. Prior to the measurement of NOx, the sensor element 12 is set to be in a state in which the measurement gas can be introduced into the first chamber 28. Subsequently, an electric power is applied to the heater 60 to heat the first and...
which is oxidized by a gas of above a certain level of oxygen concentration, oxygen concentration of a gas of the atmosphere holding device at the time of heat treatment can be controlled to a range that the ceramics is not reduced while the metal is not oxidized, so that the sensor eleme...
1. A heating system comprising: a ceramic substrate having a heating face and a back face; a heating means for generating heat from said heating face of said ceramic substrate; a metal supporting member supporting said back face of said ceramic substrate, said metal supporting member having an...
The width of the slits may be in a range from about 0.5 to 3 mm. It is preferable that ceramic fibers or the like having low Young's modulus are buried inside the slits 7. The ceramic fibers are buried to prevent a molten metal from entering the port liner. Thus, no limitation is ...
heat is inputted to the wafer and the heat of the wafer is transferred to the electrostatic chuck via projections and the backside gas and which facilitates the temperature controlling, and particularly the temperature controlling in a high temperature range for the wafer, and enhances the uniformity...
and so as to come closest to the center axial line CL2in the range positioned between the points P1and P3. Therefore, at the time of energizing the glow plug1(the heat-producing coil9), an electric current density can be lowered in the inner portion whose area ratio is ensured larger....
In the oxide sensor 50D according to the fourth embodiment, the width w of the measuring electrode 72 along the downstream direction of the controlling oxygen partial pressure-detecting cell is also restricted to be in a range of w≤5t provided that the height of the first chamber 60 is repr...