Ethernet is used in the OSI model at the data link and physical layers. It formed the basis for the IEEE 802.3 Standard. This standard helped to unify network and hardware development. Ethernet is a continually evolving standard, and the original version supported a data transmission rate of on...
Switch A switch combines the functionality of a bridge and a hub. It segments networks and can interpret and filter packet data to send it directly to an attached network device. Switches use the network device's MAC address to determine the data package's destination. A switch operates in ...
Both FTTH and wireless access will continue to advance and they will continue to complement each other. In fact, the fast development of wireless networks will also help to drive new developments in fiber access networks, both in architecture and newphysical layers[15,16], which we will also ...
Open Networking Forum (ONF) (Fundation, 2012) defines the architecture of SDN and is also accountable for the maintenance of OpenFlow standards, insured testing of enabled SDN devices and specification of OpenFlow switch. The SDN architecture has three layers that include: infrastructure layer, ...
Ad hoc network layers are common in iOS apps. They're bad for a few reasons: Makes it hard to write new apps ("where do I begin?") Makes it hard to maintain existing apps ("oh my god, this mess...") Makes it hard to write unit tests ("how do I do this again?") ...
If we visualize the unix/linux system in layers, systemd would fall directly after the linux kernel. Hardware -> Kernel -> Daemons, System Libraries, Server Display. On a system which uses systemd, how would you display the logs? journalctl Describe how to make a certain process/app a...
Pooling layers serve to reduce the spatial dimensions of the input, thereby decreasing computational complexity and increasing the network’s tolerance to variations in the input. They are particularly useful in making the network robust to overfitting. CNNs can be effectively combined with other ...
The middle layer is composed of four agents interacting with the top and bottom layers. Links between the various agents are also shown. Given our focus on the duality of information as either good or fake (or pros and cons), we assume, as previously explained in Section 2, that each ...
servers and their workloads. Thus, enterprise workloads can potentially get faster access to astonishing volumes of storage. A SAN is generally perceived as a series of three distinct layers: a host layer, a fabric layer and a storage layer. Each layer has its own components and characteristics...
Tree.A tree topology is a hierarchical structure where nodes connect and organize themselves in a treelike fashion. Larger networks can benefit from its deployment, which usually includes the core, distribution and access layers. Star, ring, mesh, bus and tree LAN topologies ...