The rebellion of Dutch nobility, chartered cities, and Calvinists against the Spanish king Philip II in the second half of the sixteenth century led to a longlasting war which brought the Southern Netherlands (now Belgium) back under Spanish rule, but gave also rise to a new independent state...
The south, which remained under Spanish rule, came to be called the Spanish Netherlands, and when the region passed to Austria after the War of the Spanish Succession (1701–14), it was called the Austrian Netherlands. In 1814–15, at the Congress of Vienna, both parts of the former ...
The Franks controlled the region from the 4th to the 8th century, and it became part of Charlemagne's empire in the 8th and 9th centuries. The area later passed into the hands of Burgundy and the Austrian Hapsburgs and finally, in the 16th century, came under Spanish rule. When Philip I...
The area later passed into the hands of Burgundy and the Austrian Hapsburgs and finally, in the 16th century, came under Spanish rule. When Philip II of Spain suppressed political liberties and the growing Protestant movement in the Netherlands, a revolt led by William of Orange broke out in...
The subsequent development of capitalist relations was retarded by Spanish absolutism. The bourgeois revolution that broke out in 1566 and merged with the war of liberation against Spanish rule was fought under the banner of Calvinism. Holland and Zeeland were the centers of the successful antifeudal...
The area later passed into the hands of Burgundy and the Austrian Hapsburgs and finally, in the 16th century, came under Spanish rule. When Philip II of Spain suppressed political liberties and the growing Protestant movement in the Netherlands, a revolt led by William of Orange broke out in...
Netherlands (Germ. Niederlande; Fr. Pays Bas), the.—The Netherlands, or Low Countries, as organized by Charles V, under whom the Burgundian era ended, comprised...
The Netherlands has been a decentralised unitary state since the early nineteenth century, grounded, however, on federal underpinnings. The United Provinces, which in 1581 declared their independence from Spanish Habsburgian rule, formed a relatively loose confederation of provinces and embedded powerful ...
the municipality legitimates the control and surveillance of sex workers. Legitimated under the discourse of protection and security, this can be understood as a practice of governmentality and normalization. The fact that sex workers’ bodies and sexuality are seen as the target of public health ...
During the Middle Ages Netherlands, like other Low Countries belonged to the Holy Roman Empire. During the 16th century these countries combined under the Habsburg rule. In 1555 the Habsburg ruler Charles granted the control of Spain and Netherlands to his son Philip II. Philip II turned out to...