Infectionhostimmunityinflammationtropical diseaseHIVtuberculosispathogenspathogenicsexually transmitted infectionsIntroduction Filariasis is a leading cause of global disability, affecting approximately 138 million individuals throughout the tropics (1,2). Filarial diseases are chronic infections, each with a range...
Nematode infection is described as eliciting a “weep and sweep” response in the small intestine (Anthony, Rutitzky, Urban, Stadecker, & Gause, 2007); however, the data do not entirely support this. Infection-induced upregulation of Th2 cytokines induces a STAT6-dependent stereotypic inhibitio...
slender cylindrical worms, usually of tiny size, that live in great numbers in water, soil, plants, and animals. They have a simple structure, with a long hollow gut separated from the body wall by a fluid-filled space. Several nematodes are parasites on animals and humans and cause ...
DETECTION Although the early events after gastrointestinal nematode infection are poorly understood, epithelial cells are clearly the first host cells to come in contact with parasite larvae once the mucus barrier has been breached (Figure 1a). Whether or not these cells survive the assault and are...
Polderman AM, Blotkamp J (1995) Oesophagostomum infection in humans. Parasitol Today 11:451–456 Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar Polderman AM, Krepel HP, Baeta S, Blotkamp J, Gigase P (1991) Oesophagostomiasis, a common infection of man in northern Togo and Ghana. Am J Trop Med ...
The role of the intestinal epithelium as part of the physical barrier to infection is well established alongside its central roles in food absorption, sensing nutrients, and water balance. Nematodes are one of the most common types of pathogen to dwell i
slender cylindrical worms, usually of tiny size, that live in great numbers in water, soil, plants, and animals. They have a simple structure, with a long hollow gut separated from the body wall by a fluid-filled space. Several nematodes are parasites on animals and humans and cause ...
Paratenic hosts might play a role as an infection source, and puppies might become infected even before or right after the birth from their dam. Some nematodes secrete eggs into the dog’s feces, some larvae, and some produce microfilaria larvae into the circulation or the surrounding ...
The small intestinal nematode Heligmosomoides polygyrus is a natural murine parasite that establishes chronic primary infections in several mouse lines and thus provides a suitable model for investigating long-lasting infections with GI nematodes in humans5. The infection results in the differentiation ...
Furthermore, the compounds and compositions described herein may have application in the medical arts to treat and/or prevent nematode infection in humans and animals. Thus, various fugal species grown using the materials and conditions described herein could be used at therapeutic agents by ...