Negative Reinforcement in Alcoholism: An Allostatic View In summary, negative reinforcement in alcoholism can derive from multiple sources, including existing personality issues, existing comorbidity, or engagement of brain circuits that drive the different stages of the addiction cycle. However, underlying...
aeruginosa causing VAP revealed that the sole independent predictors were the administration of colistin for ≥13 days or the combined use of colistin with a carbapenem for >20 days.[75] The outbreak resolved after a reduction in the days of therapy with colistin plus reinforcement of infection ...