In recent years, offshore wind power has received significant attention worldwide as an abundant, clean, and sustainable energy source, and its development has been unprecedented [1,2]. Early offshore wind farms were located in shallow areas close to the shore, with lower costs. However, as ...
negative skin friction;pile group effect;settlement;dragload;neutral point;offshore wind farms 1. Introduction Coastal regions host numerous economically developed areas with substantial electricity demands. However, these regions often face tight land constraints. Offshore wind power presents a solution by...