S. Interactive and cumulative effects of multiple human stressors in marine systems. Ecol. Lett. 11, 1304–1315 (2008). 19. Piggott, J. J., Townsend, C. R. & Matthaei, C. D. Reconceptualizing synergism and antagonism among multiple stressors. Ecol. Evol. 5, 1538–1547 (2015). 20....
2. The impact of environmental factors may vary, and this is especially pronounced in seasonally fluctuating environments, e.g. during winter3. Environmental factors may interact in their impact on organisms resulting in fitness consequences that are different from what would be expected when consideri...
PLoS One 4:e4291 932−940 ® Beauchamp KA, Gowing MM (1982) A quantitative assess- ® Hughes TP, Reed DC, Boyle MJ (1987) Herbivory on coral ment of human trampling effects on a rocky intertidal reefs: community structure following mass mortalities of community. Mar Environ Res 7:...
(SRM) technology defined as “any other current or future technology that could significantly alter the net incoming solar radiation across the Earth's atmosphere in a relatively uniform fashion” and constitutes, as such, a “deliberate human attempt to alter the Earth's climate” ([33]: 48)...