The Effects of Cigarettes Smoking The effects of cigarette smoking on the American public are of significant concern in America. This effect is harmful to the body’s major organs‚ causing many diseases and generally alters the health and life of smokers. There is considerable different health ...
Cigarette smoking is known to increase the risk of tuberculosis (TB) and to impair Interferon-gamma (IFN-纬) responses to antigenic challenge, but the impact of smoking on IGRA performance is not known. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of smoking on IGRA performance in TB ...
(1 986). Some potential negative consequencesof cigarette smoking: Marketing research in reverse. Journal of Applied Social P S Y C ~ O ~1O6,~7Y02, -725.Dermer, M. L., & Jacobsen, E. (1986). Some potential negative consequences of cigarette smoking: Marketing research in reverse. ...
(1990): Prevention of cigarette smoking: Effect of information about the negative social effects of smoking. Journal of Group Psychotherapy, Psychodrama and Sociometry, 43, S. 27–34Schutte, N., Malouf, J., & O'Dare, J. (1990). Pre- vention of cigarette smoking: Effect of ...
The decline of life quality is another serious effect of smoking. On the one hand, when we talk with smokers, you can always feel uncomfortable of the odorous smell sent by smokers. It can reduce the feeling of happiness with others. On the other hand, it can increase unnecessary ...
三、选出适当的单词,并用其正确形式填空。(effect, affect)1. Relaxation can reduce the negativeeffectsof stress on the immune system.2. Some problems, such as drug abuse, cigarette smoking, physical unfitness and obesity canaffectpeoples lives.3. In mental illnesses, there is a complex ...
"More and more studies are demonstrating a harmful effect of smoking on male fertility. Our results point in the direction of important semen alterations: semen of smokers presents an inflammatory nature, associated with decreased capacity of sperm to achieve fertilization and generate a healthy pregna...
The effect of cigarette prices on youth smoking Prior economic research provides mixed evidence on the impact of cigarette prices on youth smoking. This paper empirically tests the effects of various pri... H Ross,FJ Chaloupka - 《Health Economics》 被引量: 165发表: 2010年 Growth Curve Models...
Influence of negative affect on selective attention to smoking-related cues and urge to smoke in cigarette smokers According to recent models of addiction, negative affect plays an important role in maintaining drug dependence. The study investigated the effect of negat... BP Bradley,M Garner,L Hu...
Results: The effect of negative affect was found to vary as a function of a time lag, with stronger immediate effects: estimated odds ratio (OR) of 2.7 for the lower nicotine-dependence group (time to first morning cigarette > 5min, 57.6%) and OR of 2.4 for the higher nicotine-...