Both the state and trait forms of the test consist of 132 adjectives. The state form instructs participants to check all the words that apply to how they feel “now-today,” even when some words may seem similar, with the trait form instructing participants to report how they generally ...
Although many studies have explored the benefits of empowering leadership for followers, the beneficial effect of such behavior for actors who demonstrate
In an experiment similar to the implicit self-esteem test, subjects were asked to rate the adjectives of personality traits presented following the words “I” or “he” in a positive or negative manner, and when subjects responded more quickly to the “I” and positive adjective pairs than ...
adjectives using the 5-point Likert scale (1: not fit–5: very fit). We obtained two total scores of ten positive and ten negative adjectives from this scale. The DES measures how much the respondent’s emotion fits 16 adjective groups consisting of 43 emotional adjectives using the 7-...
Mood was assessed with a Polish adaptation (Przymiotnikowa Skala Nastroju UMACL) [23] of the UWIST Mood Adjective Checklist (UMACL) [24]. The UMACL scale consists of 29 items in the form of adjectives describing mood. The surveyed people choose an answer from a 4-point scale (“defin...
Students experience both positive and negative emotions during lessons. However, little research has been conducted into students’ perspectives on how they deal with these emotions. For this reason, the current study aimed to investigate how students perceive, deal with, and interact in emotional cla...