The prevertebral fascia passes across the vertebrae and prevertebral muscles behind the oesophagus, the pharynx and the great vessels. Above, it is attached to the base of the skull. Laterally, the fascia covers the scalene muscles together with the phrenic nerve, as this lies on scalenus ...
According to the protocol of the manufacturer, we placed one sensor on the forehead of the subject and another one on T1–T2 thoracic vertebrae (see Sensor 1 and Sensor 2 in Figure 5). With this location, Sensor 1 functioned as the movable arm of a goniometer and Sensor 2 functioned as...
Skeletal muscle mass was also assessed by CT scan of the abdomen at the third lumbar vertebrae (L3 level) [32,33,34,35]. This CT scan was performed during the disease staging procedure prior to surgery. The method employed, which is described elsewhere [32], serves to determine L3MMI (...
It also has been found that muscle overactivity in the sternocleidomastoid, upper trapezius, cervical vertebral spinae, and thoracic vertebrae spinae muscles occurs in the forward head posture [28]. Trapezius and sternocleidomastoid muscle overactivity can be noted by unconsciously shrugging shoulders. ...