Readers were reassured that there was a contingency plan: “Arrangements have been in existence for some considerable time for Nature to carry on elsewhere in the unhappy event of its present home being uninhabitable for any length of time.” During the war, Brimble became involved in army ...
n at right: denominator, number of T–I pairs with genetic support from each source; numerator, number of those launched. Note that RS is calculated from a 2 × 2 contingency table (Methods). Total n = 13,022 T–I pairs. c, Sensitivity of RS to L2G share threshold among ...
Homo sapiensis definitely dominated by militant, patriarchal social structures with hierarchized males (Otterbein1970; Divale1972; Keeley1996). It was found that residence patterns are related to the frequency of violence between groups: communities based on related women are characterized by a lower ...
We suggest that the computational irreducibility of biological and social systems is distinguished from physical systems by functional contingency, biological evolution, and individual variation. In physical systems, computationally irreducibility is driven by the interactions, sometimes nonlinear, of many ...
Starting with the example of irreducible quantum events, it is shown that other kinds of events also have an element of randomness. The hallmark of "genuine" events is their irreducibility to some previous conditions. A connection between this concept and the traditional notion of contingency is ...
Two methods, the forage ratio selection index and contingency table analysis, were used in 2001 to describe habitat selection of both giant pandas and graz... J Ran - 《Acta Ecologica Sinica》 被引量: 100发表: 2003年 Migration routes of the endangered Oriental Stork(Ciconia boyciana)from Xing...
The role of contingency awareness, involvement, and need for cognition in attitude formation This research investigates the role of involvement and need for cognition in influencing contingency awareness in attitude formation. Two experiments exami... R Priluck,BD Till - 《Journal of the Academy of...
intended to write a great book to show "that in nature the same dialectical laws of movement are carried out in the confusion of its countless changes, as also govern the apparent contingency of events in history." If this book had been written, it would have been of immense importance for...
This contingency was flipped in the reversed task context (Fig. 2b-bottom). In both choice kinds, subjects were free to indicate their choice following the stimulus onset by making the respective movement. The stimulus ceased upon a choice. A total of 13 sessions were recorded in the two ...
1e). Then, rats were screened for motivation using the PR test and for persistent drug-seeking despite adverse consequences using footshock (30% contingency). The breakpoint (Fig. 1f) was defined as the maximal number of presses completed before a 60-min period during which a rat does not...