There are mean differences in complex traits among global human populations. We hypothesize that part of the phenotypic differentiation is due to natural selection. To address this hypothesis, we assess the differentiation in allele frequencies of trait-associated SNPs among African, Eastern Asian, and...
The principal types of selection determining the distribution of traits across a population are directional, stabilizing, disruptive, and balancing selection. Directional selection favors the advantageous allele so that its proportion (and the associated phenotype) increases in the population. As a...
such as sickle-cell anemia and various thalassemias, were prominent in tropical regions where malaria wasendemic(Haldane, 1949; Figure 1). Haldane hypothesized that these disorders had become common in these regions because naturalselectionhad acted to increase the prevalence of traits that protect...
Our aims were to demonstrate that natural selection is operating on contemporary humans, predict future evolutionary change for specific traits with medical significance, and show that for some traits we can make short-term predictions about our future evolution. To do so, we measured ...
9.2.1Balancing Selection The two subtypes of balancing selection—overdominance and frequency-dependent selection have been described in Chap.4. Overdominance and frequency-dependent selection are rare for most human traits, but both are particularly important for immune-related genes (Charlesworth2006)....
In the same way, we can predict whether natural selection will apply to a given situation, and predict what traits natural selection would favor. We will discuss the criteria that enable natural selection and show that natural selection is likely to influence AI development. If we know how ...
Natural Selection: Natural selection is a mechanism of evolution in which differential survival and reproduction change the frequency of different traits in a population of organisms. This typically leads to adaptive evolution. Answer and Explanation: The correct answer is ...
The Origins and Evolution of Genetic Disease Risk in Modern Humans importance of recent adaptive evolution, positive selection, and genomic conflicts in shaping the genetic and phenotypic architectures of polygenic human diseases... BJ Crespi - 《Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences》 被引量...
What is evolution? How does natural selection affect the frequency of traits in a population? Natural selection is considered the mechanism of evolution. What are the 4 essential components of natural selection and how are these components related to the forces of e...
Grey, yellow and orange lines show significant enrichments (filled circles at an FDR < 0.1 and open circles at a nominal p < 0.05) for pop-DE genes identified in non-infected and Listeria- and Salmonella-infected macrophages, respectively. Light gray lines show non-significant diseases/traits....