Natural selection has been described as "survival of the fittest." In this context, "fit" does not necessarily mean largest, toughest or smartest. It refers to the organism that is best suited to surviving and reproducing in a given environment. For example, it could have a variation in a ...
Although natural selection can act only through and for the good of each being, yet characters and structures, which we are apt to consider as of very trifling importance, may thus be acted on. When we see leaf-eating insects green, and bark-feeders mottled-grey; the alpine ptarmigan white...
Theory shows how sexual selection can exaggerate male traits beyond naturally selected optima and also how natural selection can ultimately halt trait elaboration. Empirical evidence supports this theory, but to our knowledge, there have been no experime
In simplest terms, natural selection did not organize our mating strategies, nor our psychosexual natures, with modern relationship values in mind—and the resulting tension can cause a great deal of trouble. As Symons (1985) puts it, “in analyzing the psychological underpinning of marriage [we...
“de-tuning”) of adaptation with increasing age, caused by a time-progressive decline of Hamilton’s forces of natural selection…” [131]. However, ageing is considered more like the sum of its parts—a non-linear multifaceted phenomenon, that can be defined at the molecular, cellular, ...
While this implementation meets all of the essential requirements to qualify as genetic programming, in its present state there is plenty of room for the solution to be augmented and improved. For example, complex selection, mutation, and pruning techniques could be used to explore the solution ...
In goat breeds, the domestication followed by artificial selection for economically important traits have shaped genetic variation within populations, leading to the fixation of specific alleles for specific traits. This led to the formation and evolutio
Numerous generations of AIs will pass in a short period of time as AI development speeds up or AIs self-improve. Biological natural selection often requires hundreds or thousands of years to conspicuously change a population, but this won’t be the case for AIs. The important ingredient is ...
(such as nonsynonymous sites) in wild populations are likely to be preserved by natural selection. We demonstrate that natural selection maintains the gene pool of wildA. gifuensispopulations, thereby reducing the impact of large-scale releases. In conclusion, our study reveals the efficacy and ...
it need not be the case that either partner has power over the other. Unless we want to define the term “control” as whoever has more causal power, we can legitimately say that each partner has control over the other. And so it is with development and natural selection. We do not ha...