Although natural selection can act only through and for the good of each being, yet characters and structures, which we are apt to consider as of very trifling importance, may thus be acted on. When we see leaf-eating insects green, and bark-feeders mottled-grey; the alpine ptarmigan white...
whilst ostensibly discussing the theory of natural selection, Fodor's detractors are worried by an underlying issue, namely, the dangers of discussing the merits and demerits of natural selection as a theory of evolution in a venue as exposed to the general public as theLondon Review of Books,...
By contrast, when evolving under the influence of purifying selection, the rate should be lower than at neutrality. If synonymous sites are taken as a neutral reference, an indication of the strength of selection at nonsynonymous and potentially functional sites can be obtained by the ratio...
selection of the zygotes. Thus Ii is the frequency of X4aX4a geno- types in generation n; h' is their frequency as zygotes before natural selection in generation n + i; and h" is their frequency as adults after natural selection in generation n + i. Let B be the recombination ...
Theory shows how sexual selection can exaggerate male traits beyond naturally selected optima and also how natural selection can ultimately halt trait elaboration. Empirical evidence supports this theory, but to our knowledge, there have been no experime
In simplest terms, natural selection did not organize our mating strategies, nor our psychosexual natures, with modern relationship values in mind—and the resulting tension can cause a great deal of trouble. As Symons (1985) puts it, “in analyzing the psychological underpinning of marriage [we...
Numerous generations of AIs will pass in a short period of time as AI development speeds up or AIs self-improve. Biological natural selection often requires hundreds or thousands of years to conspicuously change a population, but this won’t be the case for AIs. The important ingredient is ...
as a function of recombination rate, selection intensity, and the frequency of beneficial mutations, which can be further used to infer these parameters of the underlying selective process ([ 24 , 25 ] and others, see details in the section “ parametric inference of recurrent sweeps ”). in...
In goat breeds, the domestication followed by artificial selection for economically important traits have shaped genetic variation within populations, leading to the fixation of specific alleles for specific traits. This led to the formation and evolutio
(such as nonsynonymous sites) in wild populations are likely to be preserved by natural selection. We demonstrate that natural selection maintains the gene pool of wildA. gifuensispopulations, thereby reducing the impact of large-scale releases. In conclusion, our study reveals the efficacy and ...