Second, improve the financing, bidding, and procurement of non-NIP vaccines. In addition to out-of-pocket payments, other financing channels such as health insurance funds, commercial health insurance, and local fiscal funding could be explored to cover the cost of the vaccines. Regarding bidding...
Non-NIP vaccines are primarily financed out-of-pocket by individuals or guardians of children. Globally, a variety of funding mechanisms are used for these so-called optional or self-paid vaccines, including public health programs, private health insurance, and national immunization subsidies [6]. ...