as factor incomes. Therefore, indirect taxes need to be deducted while subsidies must be added to NNpmp to arrive at the income which accrues to the factors of production, which called National Income or Net National Product at Factor Cost (NNPfc). Thus, NNPmp - Indirect taxes + subsidies...
To ensure robustness of the study, we specifically took total revenue and capital expenditure as public expenditure and Net National Product at Factor Cost (NNPFC) as a proxy of National income.doi:10.1007/s43546-024-00706-6Haider Hassan Itoo...