The purpose was to quantify the health effects of tobacco using data from the 2019 Global Burden of Disease study. AIMS AND METHODS. We collected detailed information on tobacco consumption overall as well as its individual aspects (smoking, secondhand smoke, and chewing tobacco) for the deaths ...
British Dental JournalHealth implications of smokeless tobacco: A National Institutes of Health Consensus Development Conference. Ann Intern Med 1986;104:436-7.Nash DB (1986). Health implications of smokeless tobacco: a National Institutes of Health Consensus Development Conference. Ann Intern Med 104:...
Context: Employers have pursued many strategies over the years to control health care costs and improve care. Disappointed by efforts to manage costs throu... L Heinen,H Darling - 《Milbank Quarterly》 被引量: 108发表: 2009年 Economics of tobacco toolkit: assessment of the economic costs of ...
et al.Tobacco smoke exposure and decreased serum and red blood cell folate levels: data from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey... Mannino,David,Mulinare,... - 《Nicotine & Tobacco Research》 被引量: 130发表: 2003年 Health effects related to environmental tobacco smoke...
Healthcare9.7 % General Obligation7.3 % Education6.2 % Housing5.9 % Corporate Backed IDB & PCR4.2 % Tobacco4.1 % Water & Sewer3.0 % Other10.7 % Cash/Equiv-1.2 % All data is unaudited and subject to change. Holdings/allocations may vary. This is not a recommendation to buy or sell any ...
These results provide further evidence that there is no risk-free level of exposure to tobacco smoke. Introduction Tobacco smoking poses a major public health challenge around the world and has been estimated to cause 5 million deaths per year globally.1 Increasing awareness of the harms of ...
Compared to offline players, online players were found to gamble more days per week but spend less money, consume less alcohol, drugs, and tobacco, and have less suicidal ideation, depression, anxiety, and stress (Hubert & Griffiths, 2018). Most players gambled both online and offline, ...
Much of the recent health services research on tobacco control implementation has explored general views and perceptions of health professionals and has rarely taken into account middle management’s perspectives. We state that middle managers may facilitate the implementation of smoke-free campus bans an...
Therefore, health care professionals, researchers, and policy makers should made a continuous effort in health promotion and prevention, to maximize the control of behavioral and environmental risk factors (namely tobacco, alcohol, low physical activity, high body mass index, and air pollution) for ...
Leech JA Wilby K and McMullen E, Environmental tobacco smoke exposure patterns: a sub-analysis of the Canadian time–activity pattern survey. Can J Public Health (1999) 90(4): 244–249 CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar Lichtenstein C Roth HD and Walker P, An activity pattern surve...