Why is NAD+ to NADH a reduction? IMetabolism: Metabolism involves chemical reactions that break down complex macromolecules into simpler constituents and then rebuilt these simple molecules back into more complex macromolecules. These reactions are known as reduction-oxidation reactions or REDOX. Oxidatio...
Mitochondrial NADH:ubiquinoneoxidoreductase(complex I) and its prokaryotic homologues (NDH-1) are intrinsic components of therespiratory chainsthat catalyze the first step of intramitochondrial or intracellular NADHoxidation(or NAD+reduction) and vectorial translocation of protons across the coupling membr...
These results suggest that the carbon produced by glycolysis is not transported to the mitochondria via a pyruvate carrier during anaerobiosis. Discussion In the anaerobic mitochondria of E. gracilis, ATP is provided by anaerobic respiration with fatty acid synthesis by β-oxidation reversal. However...
A model is proposed according to which complex I has two redox active nucleotide binding sites. One site (F) serves as an entry for the NADH oxidation and the other one (R) serves as an exit during either the succinate-supported NAD+ reduction or superoxide generation or NADH-ferricyanide ...
However, electrons derived from the oxidation of Fd by MBH are used for proton reduction (Eq. (3)). For simplicity and for the purposes of this review, we assume herein that Fd transfers two electrons during substrate reduction. (1)NUOb:NADH+Q+H+→NAD++QH2 (2)NUOa:Fd2−+Q+2H+...
A possible solution is the oxidation of NADH to NAD~+ with concomitant reduction of oxygen catalyzed by NADH oxidase (E.C.1.6-.-) which can reduce O_2 either to undesirable H_2O_2 or to innocuous H_2O. We have found and cloned two novel genes from Borrelia burgdorferi and ...
Eight α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds, 1-(2′- or 4′-substituted phenyl)-3-phenyl-2-propen-1-ones (2′- or 4′-substituted chalcones), were subjected to the reduction by an NAD(P)H model in the presence of silica gel in benzene. Al... S Yasui,M Fujii,A Ohno - 《Bulletin...
(H−) carriers at a standard reduction potential of −320 mV. The pair NAD+/NADH essentially works in oxidation reactions incatabolism(like synthesis of aldehyde and ketone functions from alcohols, or organic acids from aldehydes). On the contrary, the pair NADP+/NADPH serves as a reducing...
Yellow circles include all genes in the GO term ‘oxidation-reduction’ pathways (see Fig. 4e). The salmon circle contains all genes in the GO term ‘cholesterol biosynthetic’ pathways (see Fig. 4e). The light brown circle indicates the NAD(P)ome (genes in humans that encode NAD+ or ...
An elevated intracellular NADH:NAD+ ratio, or ‘reductive stress’, has been associated with multiple diseases, including disorders of the mitochondrial electron transport chain. As the intracellular NADH:NAD+ ratio can be in near equilibrium with the ci