Mutualism, association between organisms of two different species in which each benefits. Mutualistic arrangements are most likely to develop between organisms with widely different living requirements. Several well-known examples of mutualistic arrangem
Evolutionarily, it is not certain when fungi and algae came together to form lichens for the first time, but it was certainly after the mature development of the separate components. Assymbionts, the basis of their relationship is the mutual benefit that they provide each other. The photosyntheti...
Symbiosis is a term used to describe a long term relationship or interaction between two or more organisms. The term is first coined in 1879 by German botanist, Anton de Barry. Symbiosis can be differentiated by its outcome for each party involved....
Domesticator-domesticate relationships are specialized mutualisms where one species provides multigenerational support to another in exchange for a resource or service, and through which both partners gain an advantage over individuals outside the relationship. While this ecological innovation has profoundly ...
The evolution of flight in bats and birds has been accompanied by modifications in their digestive systems, manifest in rapid digestion and short intestines, thought to have been selected to reduce body mass5. In the case of frugivorous birds, the relationship between digestion time, intestine leng...