Examples of mutualism stating the types of species/partners, benefits, and costs: SYMBIOTIC AND NON-SYMBIOTIC Symbiotic mutualism refers to a mutually beneficial interaction between organisms of different species. It is a symbiotic interaction in which two distinct species interact and, in some circumst...
mutualism where one species provides prolonged support to another in exchange for a predictable resource or service5, it is hypothesized that the domestication of animals can occur via one of three pathways4,16,17: (i) a ‘commensal’ pathway, (ii) a ‘prey’ pathway, and (iii) a ‘direc...
Symbiont-mediated egg defence is known for some marine crustaceans25, and immobile larval stages are symbiotically protected against pathogenic fungi in beewolves26 and leaf-rolling weevils27, indicating that the protection of immature animals through mutualistic microbes may be a common phenomenon. In...