the unclear mechanism and effectiveness of mitochondrial transfer/transplantation therapy limit its widespread application in diseases. Based on the nascent literature on mitochondrial transfer, we address the modes of mitochondrial transfer, their mechanisms, and their roles...
). Using replicated F3 homozygotes from this cross, we found no significant expression differences between inversion and standard haplotypes for any of the seven genes flanking the inversion breakpoints (Supplementary Table 5), although power to detect subtle, quantitative differences is limited. Thus,...
We used a lentivirus to drive over-expression of human GLUT4. In multiple experiments of this type (shown in Fig. 1A), a 2- to fourfold increase in GLUT4 levels was routinely observed. In parallel, overexpression of GLUT4 elevated basal 2-deoxyglucose uptake and reconstituted insulin-...
mRNA Broad patterns of gene expression were initially examined by hierar- chical clustering to test for changes across differentiation. We have pre- viously reported that clustering of all differentially expressed mRNAs indicates the presence of 4 stages of differentiation [5]. ...
Disclosed herein is a method for differentiating between multiple sclerosis subtypes in a patient. The method comprises a) determining an amount of an IAP gene expression level in a
Fetal programming means that cardiovascular or metabolic diseases in adults originate from changes in the size, shape and histology of the placenta, as well as from changes in gene expression, signalling, enzyme activity and nutrient transport [3]. Beyond its central importance in the pathogenesis ...
With this knowledge, we designed an alternative set of primers to target chromosome 18 with even greater specificity than before by increasing the number of 3’ mismatches and expanding the range of the genomic interval to ensure greater differentiation between the three homeologs. Ultimately this ...
While experimental studies demonstrate that many factors can individually influence OPC migration and/or differentiation [20-32], their rela- tive expression within MS lesions and their significance in modulating remyelination remains unclear. Expression profiling of MS lesions can provide new insight ...
For example, increased expression of the anti-apoptotic BCL2 protein family is important in mediating MM resistance to proteasome inhibition18,19,20,21. In fact, depending on selective pressures by different lines of therapies and clonal mutation capacity, MM may evolve to develop multiple ...
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) mediate most of our physiological responses to hormones, neurotransmitters and environmental stimulants. They are considered as the most successful therapeutic targets for a broad spectrum of diseases. Multiple scleros