Various imaging modalities can be used to diagnose and plan treatment. Here we will review the use of transarterial approaches to treat AVMs. Keywords: arteriovenous malformations; nidus; transarterial 1. Introduction Arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) are a subset of congenital vascular malformations (...
It is challenging to determine the underlying mechanism(s) of missingness that exist in a dataset as there is not yet a rigorous, straightforward method to diagnose and distinguish these mechanisms [15], and there is no accepted approach to correct the analysis of data once the causal mechanism...