Messenger RNA (mRNA) is an emerging class of therapeutic agent for the prevention and treatment of a wide range of diseases. The recent success of the two highly efficacious mRNA vaccines produced by Moderna and Pfizer–BioNTech to protect against COVID-
Orthogonal (O) ribosome-mediated translation of O-mRNAs enables the incorporation of up to three distinct non-canonical amino acids (ncAAs) into proteins in Escherichia coli (E. coli). However, the general and efficient incorporation of multiple distinct ncAAs by O-ribosomes requires scalable str...
A-to-I mRNA editing in animals is mediated by ADARs, but the mechanism underlying sexual stage-specific A-to-I mRNA editing in fungi remains unknown. Here, we show that the eukaryotic tRNA-specific heterodimeric deaminase FgTad2-FgTad3 is responsible for A-to-I mRNA editing in Fusarium gram...
mRNA-based drugs have tremendous potential as clinical treatments, however, a major challenge in realizing this drug class will promise to develop methods for safely delivering the bioactive agents with high efficiency and without activating the immune system. With regard to mRNA vaccines, researchers ...
The system L amino acid transporter (LAT) has an important role in the transport of various amino acids, and there have been reports about the relation of this system to cancer. Although LATs are highly expressed in the kidneys, little is known about their influence on human renal cancer. ...
Cell size has a profound impact on cellular physiology because it sets the scale of subcellular structures, metabolism, surface-to-volume ratios, and most crucially, cellularbiosynthesis. It is generally thought that biosynthesis scales with cell size so that totalRNAand protein amounts increase with...
We also found that the last 5-amino-acid segment of the arrest sequence is sufficient to induce the mRNA cleavage. Neither the bacterial toxin RelE nor the known major endoribonucleases are involved in this cleavage, suggesting that either other endoribonuclease(s) or ribosome itself would be ...
Cellular IRESs tend to integrate or interact with RNA chaperones, upstream open reading frames and/or G-quadruplex structures for function. The initiation factor eIF3 can have a specialized function in translation by directly binding to structured or chemically modified 5′ UTRs in target mRNAs to ...
a positive charge on G. The nucleotides pm73′dGp* and pm27,O3′Gp* have the same charge as pm7Gp*. Thus, although RNase T2 digestion alone would not be expected to distinguish between normal and reverse orientations, the combination of RNase T2 and TAP should do so (see Table 3). ...
In addition, all clones adhered loosely to the culture flask, a property which was not seen with parental or pSV-2/neo transfected cells (Table I). Most notable was the response of WS-1 and WS-5 cells to TPA, a treatment which produced approximately 50% macrophage-like cells (FIG. 11A...