Tarlov cysts are also known as perineural root sleeve cysts, representing an enlargement of meningeal spaces of the spinal posterior nerve root sheath. Even though their location may include the entire spine, the sacrum and particularly S2 and S3 nerve roots are the most common sites. Such lesion...
A nomogram model for the occurrence of bladder spasm after TURP in patients with prostate enlargement based on serum prostacyclin and 5-hydroxytryptamine a... Objective: With the development of analytical methods, mathematical models based on humoral biomarkers have become more widely used in the medi...
This reduction tends to be reversed after bilateral common carotid artery occlusion (BCCAO) in the LS group (c) accompanying the signal increase indicating the compensation by the ICA enlargement (c, white arrow). On the other hand, the reduction is severely progressed in the non-LS group (f...
The pubic bone demonstrates a hyperechoic margin with dramatic posterior shadowing. The inner margins of the pubic bone can be recognized and compared to the outer margins of the prostate during evaluation for pubic arch interference during prostate brachytherapy. If present, this interference is usuall...
Prostate cancer Prostate cancer spreads via lymphatics in the neurovascular bundles to the obturator, presacral, hypogastric and external iliac nodes (Fig.1). Further spread is to the common iliac and paraaortic nodes[1]. Figure 1 Prostate cancer. CT scan showing (a) left obturator nodal invol...
prostate cancer cell line PC-3. Animals were treated with FUS in 7 T MRI at 4.8 W/cm2to reach ~45 °C and held for 30 min. The temperature was controlled via fiber optics and proton resonance frequency shift (PRF) MR thermometry in parallel. In the combination group, animals were ...
Next, data augmentation is performed on the data, including horizontal and vertical shifts, rotations, image brightening, image enlargement, horizontal flips, and vertical flips. Bias field correction is also performed using the fuzzy C-means clustering algorithm. The final preprocessing step is image...