Frelimo established a one-party state following independence and then fought a bloody, 15-year civil war against the rebel group Renamo. They signed a peace deal in 1992 and Renamo became the main opposition party following Mozambique’s first democratic elections in 1994, but the peace be...
Mozambique - Civil War, Peace, Reconciliation: The multiparty elections that finally took place in October 1994 were the culmination of years of effort to reach a peaceful end to the war between Frelimo and Renamo. Frelimo, once a self-described Marxist-
and the war for independence was launched. Portugal, faced with similar challenges in all its African territories (Angola,Guinea-Bissau, andCape Verde), responded with enormous military effort. Mondlane was killed in 1969, but the leadership of Frelimo was ably assumed bySamora Machel, and the ...
Private aircraft were the first to fly regularly in Mozambique, but afterWorld War IIPortugal’s national airline opened a route between Beira andMaputo. Eventually colonial Mozambique developed its own airline. It was replaced in 1980 byMozambique Airlines (Linhas Aéreas de Moçambique; LAM), the...
On the strength of its resources, Mozambique should now beSouthern Africa’smost important energy producer and exporter. Thecountry’spostindependence security problems, however, undercut production in everything but refining of importedcrude oilnearMaputo. The centerpiece of Mozambique’s energy potentia...