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The cylinder has a hydraulic volume of 1 L, and three cylinders are used for the experiment. Two pressure sensors (210-40-011-04, Paine Electronics, LLC, East Wenatchee, WA, USA) are placed in the inlet and outlet ports of the valve system. A flow meter (FT-08AEYB-LEA-3, Flow ...
As for experimental studies, PTO systems are instead simulated using physical friction, such as friction dampers and springs [19–21], Airflow orifice (OWC type WEC) [22,23], and air cylinders [24,25]. However, it is worth noting that for large-scale devices such as wind-wave hybrid ...