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The success of these hollow waveguides motivated scientists to invent waveguides in the infrared region of the electromagnetic spectrum. These waveguides were initially used for medical purposes, but other areas of applications followed (Figure 12). [93]. Figure 12. Rectangular and circular waveguides...
These fibers are mostly multimode waveguides and can be used for particular applications; however, there are many challenges in the fabrication of mid-infrared optical fibers in single-mode construction [35]. Recently, scientists are facing many technical challenges with fabricating the kind of ...