We have used publicly available data only; new data were not generated as a result of this study. NOAA high resolution SST and COBE-SST2 data were provided by NOAA/OAR/ESRL PSD (Boulder, CO, USA) from their website (www.esrl.noaa.gov/psd/). Hadley Centre SST data were provided by ...
To ensure complete statewide coverage of scale dependent terrain derivatives, 1/9 arc-second 3DEP elevation data from the United States Geologic Survey (USGS) (Lukas and Baez, 2021) was downloaded via google earth engine (GEE) (Gorelick et al., 2017) for a 16-km buffer outside the study...
Finally, chinstrap penguins also show a signature of population expansion after the Last Glacial Maximum, similar to that detected for otherPygoscelispenguins in the WAP [6,22,24]. Potentially, the LGM may have contracted the populations at lower latitudes such as the Scotia Arc and Bouvetøya,...