By the time of Kublai’s death, the Mongol Empire had fractured into four separate khanates or empires including the Golden Horde [Kipchak] in the northwest, the Chagatai Khanate in Central Asia, the Ilkhanate, based in modern-day Iran, and the Yuan Dynasty in the east. Although the buri...
(in the form of the OttomanEmpire) were a major threat to the Egypt of al-Sakhawi (conquered in factshortly after his death), and thus he felt free to demonize the Turks. Probably al-Barzanji felt just the opposite since he was living under Ottoman Turkish rule,and may have felt the ...
built in Istanbul in the 18th century. The sources of the Turkish Baroque are probably to be sought in theBaroque architectureofViennaand the bordering Austro-Hungarian states. Throughout the 18th and 19th centuries, a consistent Europeanization of a local tradition occurs in the Ottoman Empire. ...