Here the quark's longitudinal momentum fraction is represented by x=p+/P+. Proton's spin is S and its momentum is denoted by P. We choose light-cone gauge A+=0 and the frame is taken where the transverse momentum of the proton is P≡(P+,M2P+,0⊥), and the momentum of the ...
Total momentum in the laboratory system is denoted as plab. The 40Ar + 45Sc collisions are selected by requiring a low energy value measured by the forward calorimeter, the Projectile Spectator Detector (PSD). This is the energy emit- ted into the region populated mostly by projectile specta-...
Since speculators and hedgers approximately add up to zero (except for a small difference denoted “non-reported” due to measurement issues of very small traders), we focus our attention on speculators. Of course, this means that net hedger positions constitute the opposite side (i.e., the ...
Interaction via the field (e.g. tunnel ionization) is depicted by a dashed line, excitation in the singly charged ion is denoted by dotted lines, while the recollision and OAM sharing is denoted by the yellow spark. The two electron states are defined in the text, following the convention...
Second, based onφc, OSHφsand OMHφMare obtained by 2nd modified GS algorithm (Bottom in Fig.3c). To create an OSH, the phase profile of a spiral phase plate denoted aslsθ, whereθrepresents the azimuthal angle in the cylindrical coordinate is added on to OCH (Fig.3b). Consequently,...
The umbrella-shaped caps of Fig.2d–gmark the intersection areas of the given isosurface with the final-state sphere, here the NHP-plane. The band-structure pattern on the curved intersection area is observed by the momentum microscope. Thanks to the 3D-recording scheme of the ToF-microscope,...
This number is denoted by an alphabet l. What is angular quantum number in chemistry? The angular quantum number describes the shape of an electron orbital. The angular momentum quantum number is also called the azimuthal quantum number, and it is represented with an alphabet l. What is the ...
Photon energies and final-state energies Efinal are denoted in the panels. Areas of local intensity enhancement are marked by dashed ellipses, local extinctions by arrows. Note the “irregular” patterns of local intensity modulations and the strong variations in (b–f), all taken at hν =...
We then calculate the returns of the respective combinations in different holding periods (denoted by H). Under the profitability of the FH investment strategy, within t time, investors first sell the former F-stage loser portfolio and then buy the equal amount of the winner portfolio holding ...
The gravity acceleration is denoted by g, and pˆπ is the momentum source for constituent π from the other constituents. This source term for instance takes into account the possible local drag interaction between a solid and a fluid. Evidently, the source terms must satisfy the momentum ...