elements: these can be combined to give other compounds.Table 9.1gives the data for individual elements or compounds in integral numbers (except air which is a mixture of gases): in reality only carbon-12 (used as the basis for atomic/molecular weights) has an integral value, but most ...
From the calculated binding energies the elements present near the surface region can be determined. This can allow effective determination of the surface composition of a material. Similar to the XPS systems, time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS) instruments also require to be...
Furthermore, all dsx genes identified in this study showed male-biased expression levels, yet only half of the putative 5’ upstream regulatory elements are preserved in D. magna and D. pulex. Conclusions The all dsx genes of five cladoceran species examined had similar amino acid structure ...
Chromium(III) is extensively used as a supplement for muscle development and the treatment of diabetes mellitus. However, its mode of action, essentiality, and physiological/pharmacological effects have been a subject of scientific debate for over half a
Ni toxicity alters the expression of genes involved in metal ion accumulation in roots The above results showed that Ni toxicity affected the accumulation of trace elements (Fig. 3). GO enrichment analysis also revealed that Ni toxicity modulated metal ion transport (Supplementary Fig. 4). We thu...
Artificial intelligence (AI) has been widely applied in drug discovery with a major task as molecular property prediction. Despite booming techniques in molecular representation learning, key elements underlying molecular property prediction remain large
Analysis of partial putative cis-acting elements in the 50 flanking region of GhAPm Fig. 1 The genomic and mRNA structure of GhAPm. The genomic sequence containing seven introns (intron 1, 129 bp; intron 2, 305 bp; intron 3, 88 bp; intron 4, 241 bp; intron 5, 120 bp; intron 6,...
We evaluated the extent to which molecular processes can be revealed by expression profiling and functional annotation of genes that are differentially expressed during fat cell development. Results Mouse microarrays with more than 27,000 elements were developed, and transcriptional profiles of 3T3-L1 ...
Most osmometers can operate over a range of temperature through the use of probes that cover specific temperature ranges. This gives the number average molecular weight and not the molecular weight distribution. The measuring elements are two temperature-sensitive thermistors placed in a closed, heat...
Smaller-scale motions, including the behavior of gating elements and binding and translocation of smaller species such as ions and the substrate, can nowadays be effectively described using equilibrium simulations on the order of hundreds of nanoseconds. Larger, slower motions, such as structural ...