Molecular evidence fortheorigin ofbirds (evolution/tpod/amniote/phylogeny/systematics) Themajorgroups ofamniote vertebrates appeared during arelatively short timespanattheendofthe Paleozoic Era,afact thathascaused difficulty inestimating their relationships. Thefossil record suggests that crocodilans arethe...
Molecular evidence for the origin of birds The major groups of amniote vertebrates appeared during a relatively short time span at the end of the Paleozoic Era, a fact that has caused difficulty in ... SB Hedges - 《Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of ...
Because of the growing availability of genetic methods for species delineation2, numerous studies have uncovered cryptic diversity within the widespread vertebrate species including in tropical and sub-tropical Asia; for instance, among fishes3,4,5, amphibians6,7,8, birds9,10,11, and mammals12,13...
Because of these concerns, this thesis provides a molecular perspective on the early evolutionary history of modern birds. To test traditional phylogenetic, biogeographic, and temporal hypotheses, phylogenies were obtained from new mitochondrial and nuclear DNA sequences. Results show evidence for larger ...
cioides, and inferred the origin of trans-species polymorphisms between the two species by phylogenetic reconstruction and Bayesian cluster analysis. The two species could be clearly distinguished by population cluster analysis. Despite the large number of mutational differences, we still detected sharing...
The classical phylogeny of living reptiles pairs crocodilians with birds, tuataras with squamates, and places turtles at the base of the tree. New evidence from two nuclear genes, and analyses of mitochondrial DNA and 22 additional nuclear genes, join crocodilians with turtles and place squamates ...
birds may have segued into their role as food9,10. Historians have also suggested that chickens were a sacrificial animal for divination or an elite commodity for their plumage and as live caged displays prior to their dispersal across West Asia11. They maintained a ritual role into the Roman...
The natural products synthesized by organisms that were living a long time ago gave rise to their molecular fossils. These can consist of either the original unchanged compounds or they may undergo peripheral transformations in which their skeletons rema
This is the first report regarding exposure of wild birds to WNV prior to the 2010 outbreak, in Greece. Results provide evidence of the implication of wild birds in a local enzootic cycle that could allow maintenance and amplification of the virus before and during the outbreak. Findings of pa...
In addition, contrasting evidence to the “easy encounter” hypothesis exists from malarial parasites of birds in equatorial areas, where high host diversity is coupled with low host abundance. The latter suggests that the probability of encountering a closely related host is indeed low (i.e., a...