When Columbus arrived in America in 1492, he did so in the name of Ferdinand and Isabella of Spain, that is, with the entitlement of the Habsburgs who also ruled Germany as part of the Holy Roman Empire. It was a German cosmographer, Martin Waldseemüller, who suggested that the New ...
Through a dynastic union with the Jagiello family in Poland, the kings of Bohemia eventually became linked to the House of the Austrian Habsburgs, which ruled there from 1526 to 1918. Favoring monarchical control over the Protestant Reformation, the Habsburgs opposed the Bohemian estates, a strug...
by madrileños with French-style short capes and three-cornered hats in an attempt to modernize Spain.1 But the people of Madrid, unhappy with this Enlightened reform, 1 After the death of the last Habsburg monarch, the new Bourbon dynasty was established in Spain in 1759 with Carlos III....