In communication research, a mediating variable isa variable that links the independent and the dependent variables, and whose existence explains the relationship between the other two variables. A mediating va
The independent variable (IV) and the dependent variable (DV) are the two main variables tested in psychological research. The IV refers to the variable that the researcher manipulates to measure how this change affects the DV. So, the DV is the variable that is b...
Examples can be found in situations such as tax evasion, lying on a CV, bribing, shoplifting, or corporations deceiving about their products. Such actions impose substantial financial costs on society at large (e.g., Button, Shepherd, Blackbourn and Lewis, 2013, Button, Shepherd and Blackbourn...
The remainder of this paper is organized as follows: We begin with a presentation of the theoretical background regarding the role of tourism as a moderating variable, followed by a discussion of relevant research linking deforestation with corruption, money laundering, and economic and financial crim...
aModerating variables- are new variables constructed by a research by taking one variable and multiplying it by another to determine the joint impact of both.p.50-51(age-might be a moderrator variable, as BSE could be stronger for older women) 减轻的可变物是研究修建的新的可变物通过采取一易...
1991b). We measured extrinsic religiosity because it is one of the three established religious orientations, along with intrinsic and quest religiosity (Vitell,2009). Despite not expecting extrinsic religiosity to influence the dependent variable, we consistently included it as a covariate in our ...
Convergent validity [CV] and discriminant validity (DV) were assessed. Table4displays findings for CR and indicator cross-loading. All constructs had AVEs exceeding the 0.50 threshold [82], indicating that each variable explains over half of the variance in its indicators, demonstrating sufficient CV...
For the convenience of expression, let behaviors denote the dependent variable of online deviant behaviors, difficulties denote the independent variable of interpersonal difficulties, support denote the mediation variable of online social support, morality denote the moderation variable of online morality, mo...
Based on an exploratory correlational study, multivariate statistical techniques were applied with moderate regression analysis in these countries, which were considered relevant examples for understanding the current situation. The results obtained suggest that gender is a variable that, at a general level...
The pick-a-point approach involves plotting and testing the conditional effect of X on Y at designated levels of the moderating variable (i.e., low, medium, and high) (Bauer and Curran 2005; Chen 2019). This approach is the most popular post hoc probing technique for three-way ...