Then, the participants rate the pain intensity per previously named region on a numerical analog scale of 1–10, with higher values representing more pain. At last, participants rate the impairment of their usual activities by the reported pain. The German version of the CMDQ shows good ...
History of any back pain in the last 12 months was assessed with a direct question (yes/no). Secondly, five items from the Quebec Pain Disability Scale were used, in which participants reported on difficulties with bending down to pick up lightweight objects, putting socks on either foot, g...
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