Norton, P. (2007), "Four models of political representation: British MPs and the use of ICTs", The Journal of Legislative Studies, Vol. 13 No. 3, pp. 354-369.Norton, P. (2007). Four Models of Political Representation: British MPs and the Use of ICTs. The Journal of Legislative ...
Bellamy, Richard & Castiglione, Dario (2013). Three models of democracy, political com- munity and representation in the EU. Journal of European Public Policy, 20 (2), 206-223.R. Bellamy and D. Castiglione. 'Three models of democracy, political community and representation in the EU' (...
Under proportional electoral rule, there need be no pressure for activist groups to coalesce, leading to multiple political parties. Under plurality rule, however, small parties face the possibility of extinction. An activist group linked to a small party in such a polity has little expectation of...
However, this finding also raises important ethical questions about the balance between bias reduction and maintaining authentic representation of diverse viewpoints in training data. If we were to interpret the language models as proxies for social media users and news consumers, as some studies ...
Synonyms for MODELS: reproductions, miniatures, replicas, imitations, copies, clones, duplicates, dupes; Antonyms of MODELS: prototypes, originals, archetypes, enlargements, blowups, misadjusts
The resources related to the trustworthiness of large models (LMs) across multiple dimensions (e.g., safety, security, and privacy), with a special focus on multi-modal LMs (e.g., vision-language models and diffusion models). This repo is in progress 🌱 (currently manually collected). Ba...
As the parameter size of large language models (LLMs) continues to expand, there is an urgent need to address the scarcity of high-quality data. In response, existing research has attempted to make a breakthrough by incorporating federated learning (FL) into LLMs. Conversely, considering the ...
The outcome of this stage is a 'model', which acts like a digital representation of the knowledge derived from the data. Fine-Tuning: At times, there's a need for the AI to focus on specific nuances or characteristics. In such cases, an additional set of data is used to 'fine-tune'...
the examples of Egypt, Tunisia and Yemen, which are considered as exemplary of the revolutionary Arab World, point out that social factors based on the demand for participation and representation, self-reliant social change, and opportunities are the overwhelming factors of politico-economic change. ...
representationspatial investmentGovernance regarding spatial investments meets or even creates institutional tensions that process management finds difficult to cope with. Traditional democracy is confronted with new ways of policy making. New practices include multi-level governance, public鈥損rivate ...