The level of complexity for any model should be dictated by the purpose for which it is intended to serve. This point is illuminated through three numerical models of varying complexity developed over the past 2
1. MNIST数据安装 我们将要使用经典的MNIST数据集,这个数据集由手写数字(0到9)的黑白图片组成。 我们将使用pathlib来处理文件路径的相关操作(python3中的一个标准库),使用request来下载数据集。 我们只会在用到相关库的时候进行引用,这样你就可以明确在每个操作中用到了哪些库。 from pathlib import Path import re...
To avoid introducing another model parameter, we assume that this fraction is determined by β0. The amount of dew ranges between 10 and 25 mm/year at the sites considered in this study (see Section 2.5). From performing tests (not shown) we found that these modifications generally improve ...
Fig. 11. Effects of model complexity on the model MAE (left) and calibrated mean heat transfer coefficients (with vmean=0.65m/s, right). 3.2. Quantification and evaluation of the specific heat fluxes When the energy balance of a structure is calculated, the incoming and outgoing heat fluxes...
To ensure nonnegativity and stationarity for the short-run component gi,t, we assume that α > 0, β > 0, and α + β < 1. One-parameter beta polynomial is employed as the weighting scheme φk due to its parsimony and flexibility: (4) where K is the number of MIDAS lags with ...
If the value of α is close to 0, then the investor is sensitive to liquidity of the portfolio. Otherwise, the investor is not sensitive to the portfolio’s liquidity. In this section, we suppose that the return rate of asset k, k = 1,2, …, n, is a normally distributed fuzzy ...
Until recently, Commerzbank and Capco say the answer for CIOs was based on past practice, executive experience and some financial calculations; and was more conceptual than numerical. A new project at the German bank being spearheaded by financial services consultancy Capco is an attempt to ...
Simpler models tends to have smaller variance in future predictions, making prediction stable 【训练损失:量化对点的拟合度】 Training Loss: How will the function fit on the points? 【泛化、正则化:量化复杂度、通用性】 Regularization: How do we define complexity of the function?
We conclude by proposing several interesting future directions.doi:10.1007/s10115-021-01605-0Xia HuLingyang ChuJian PeiWeiqing LiuJiang Bian
A model of software complexity and reliability is developed that uses an evolutionary process to transition from one software system to the next while complexity metrics are used to predict the reliability for each system. Systems are tested until the software passes defect presence criteria and is ...