The squared distance between a point p and the line h is given by d2(p,h)=(apx+py+e)2a2+1. Thus s(h)=s2(h)=∑p∈Ξ(h)(apx+py+e)2a2+1=A1a2+A2+A3e2+2A4a+2A5ae+2A6ea2+1, where ≔≔A1=A1(h)≔∑px2,A2=A2(h)≔∑py2, ≔≔≔A3=A3(h)≔|Ξ(h)|,...
The dynamic resistance of the LED at a certain operation point will determine the relation between the voltage ripple on the LED and the resulting current ripple thought the LED. This dynamic resistance is quite small, which means that a very small voltage ripple can already result in large cur...
(iii) permission is granted to build the motorway in the shape of a curve of prescribed length between the two fixed points. Assuming that the motorway can be treated as a line source (i.e. the width of the motorway is small relative to the distance of the sensitive point), it is ...
The expression for wL effectively limits the dynamic range of the activity measure to lie between a value of 2 (corresponding to flat or no spatial activity regions) and a value of 22 (corresponding to an edge or high spatial activity) regions. For each color ci within the histogram, a ...
the switching contour follows a curve. The resulting curvature at the ends of the magnetic recording vary accordingly the angle of azimuth rejection between the B to A azimuth relative to the A to B azimuth at the edges of the track. The use of a record head of a unique design wherein ...
This characteristic will also result in a change of the displayed pH value and reduce the difference between the real pH value of a sample and pH 7 with the appropriate percentage. This error is more pronounced if only a single point calibration is performed. Older type pH meters typically ...
moves_ifromx_itoy_i) such that each point on the barrierBis covered by at least one sensor and the maximum moving distance of the sensors (i.e.,\max _{1\le i\le n}\{|x_i-y_i|\}) is minimized. We call this problem thebarrier coverage on a line segment, denoted by\text{ ...
Each illuminance step is quantized by the distance and the neutral-density filter and normalized by the Illuminance-1 that was measured under a 0.3-m distance between the PV cell and the LED lamp. As shown in Figure 23b, 𝛼α varies significantly from 0.69 to 0.79 depending on illuminance....
The consistency bias is defined as the distance (possibly zero) between the orbit of the template and the orbit of one element which minimizes the variance. In the first part, we restrict ourselves to isometric group action, in this case the Hilbertian distance is invariant under the group ...
As shown in this figure, array (2) is higher than array (1), which results in decreasing the shading; in contrast, array (5) is lower than array (4), which requires increasing the distance between them to avoid shading. Figure 5. A case study of a PV system on non-flat terrain. ...